Natural disasters--Direct and indirect speech

 Natural disasters

Are dangerous events that cause fatalities and/or serious damage beyond the ability of society to respond, For example: 

Hurricanes.

Forest fires.

Earthquakes.

Drought.

Floods.

Tornadoes.

Landslides.

Hurricanes 

It is a meteorological phenomenon that occurs in the lower atmosphere and consists of a large funnel-shaped eddy. Its maximum diameter reaches approximately 1,000 kilometers and can reach 10 kilometers in height. It is capable of producing winds with speeds of over 200 kilometers per hour with gusts of up to 400 kilometers per hour, causing heavy rains.

The scale with which the intensity of hurricanes is measured is known as Saffir-Simpson, and it divides these natural phenomena into 5 categories according to the speed of their winds and the storm surge, which is an abnormal increase in sea level. after a storm.

Forest fires

It is a phenomenon that occurs when one or several combustible materials in forests, jungles and other types of areas with vegetation are consumed in an uncontrolled way by fire, which can get out of control and spread very easily over large areas. The most common natural cause of forest fires is the use of fire in agricultural (35%) and livestock (20%) practices, causing the majority of forest fires, while 3% are caused by common gestures such as throwing cigarette butts to the ground, and 4% are due to acts of vandalism.

Earthquakes

An earthquake is the sudden movement of the Earth, caused by the sudden release of energy accumulated over a long time. The Earth's crust is made up of a dozen plates approximately 70 km thick, each with different physical and chemical characteristics. These plates ("tectonics") are being accommodated in a process that takes millions of years and have been giving the shape that we know today to the surface of our planet, originating the continents and the geographical reliefs in a process that is far from complete. Usually these movements are slow and imperceptible, but in some cases these plates collide with each other like gigantic icebergs on an ocean of magma present in the depths of the Earth, preventing their movement. Then one plate begins to move over or under the other causing slow changes in topography. But if the displacement is difficult, a tension energy begins to accumulate that at some point will be released and one of the plates will move abruptly against the other, breaking it and then releasing a variable amount of energy that causes the Earthquake.

Richter scale magnitude Earthquake effects

Less than 3.5 Usually not felt, but registered

3.5 - 5.4 Often felt, but only deals minor damage.

5.5 - 6.0 Inflicts light damage to buildings.

6.1 - 6.9 It can cause severe damage in highly populated areas.

7.0 - 7.9 Major earthquake. Causes serious damage.

8 or greater Great earthquake. Total destruction to nearby communities.

Drought.

Floods.

Tornadoes.

Landslides.

Direct and indirect speech

When you are talking to someone you are normally using a direct speech, called in English direct speech. We use it daily and without realizing it. It is the simplest style of speech. For its part, the indirect style appears when we talk about what another has said.

Examples: 

• Direct speech: “Where do they live?”
• Indirect speech: You asked me where they lived.
• 
  
• Direct speech: “When are you leaving?”
• Indirect speech: He asked us when we were leaving.
• 
  
• Direct speech: “How will they get here?”
• Indirect speech: She asked me how they would get here.