GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY

 GRAMMAR: the passive causative 

The passive is used when the focus is on the thing instead of the person. When you combine them together, you are essentially saying someone caused something to be done (by someone).

GRAMMATICAL COMPOSITION  

PASSIVE 

subject + BE/GET + Past participle 

CAUSATIVE 

Subject + have/let/make + object + base verb 

PASSIVE CAUSATIVE 

Subject + have/ get + object + past participle 

EXAMPLE

Passive: The test was taken by the student 

Causative: the teacher had the student take the test 

VOCABULARY 

SERVICES 

dry-clean a suit 

repair shoes 

frame a picture 

deliver a package